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Fear of movement in patients attending cardiac rehabilitation

a validation study

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Objectives: To determine the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to assess fear of movement (kinesiophobia): the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-NL Heart), and to investigate the prevalence of kinesiophobia in patients attending cardiac rehabilitation.<br/><br/>Methods: A total of 152 patients were evaluated with the TSK-NL Heart during intake and 7 days later. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity were assessed. For construct validity, the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used. The factor structure of the TSK-NL Heart was determined by a principal component analysis (PCA).<br/><br/>Results: After removal of 4 items due to low internal consistency, the TSK-NL Heart showed substantial reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC: 0.80). A strong positive correlation was found between the TSK-NL Heart and the CAQ (rs: 0.61). Strong positive correlations were found between the TSK-NL Heart and de HADS (Anxiety) (rs: 0.60) and between the TSK-NL Heart and the CAQ (rs: 0.61). The PCA revealed a 3-factor structure as most suitable (fear of injury, avoidance of physical activity, perception of risk). High levels of kinesiophobia were found in 45.4% of patients.<br/><br/>Conclusion: The 13-item TSK-NL Heart has good psychometric properties, and we recommend using this version to assess kinesiophobia, which is present in a substantial proportion of patients referred for cardiac rehabilitation.<br/><br/>Keywords: Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia; cardiac rehabilitation; exercise; fear of movement; physical activity; cardiovascular disease

Reference Keessen, P., den Uijl, I., Visser, B., van den Berg-Emons , H. J. G., Latour, C. H. M., Sunamura , M., Jørstad, H. T., ter Riet, G., Scholte op Reimer, W. J. M., Kraaijenhagen, R. A., & ter Hoeve, N. (2020). Fear of movement in patients attending cardiac rehabilitation: a validation study. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 52, Article jrm00021. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2653
Published by  Urban Vitality 27 February 2020

Publication date

Feb 2020

Author(s)

Iris den Uijl
Hendrika J.G. van den Berg-Emons
Madoka Sunamura
Harald T. Jørstad
Wilma J.M. Scholte op Reimer
Roderik A. Kraaijenhagen
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